IC693MDL732 在SAR情形(a)中,PWM_SYNC脈沖觸發(fā)ADC執(zhí)行若干采樣和轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)控制環(huán)路而言已就緒時(shí),系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)中斷,控制環(huán)路便可開(kāi)始執(zhí)行。而在Σ-Δ情形中,不是等待ADC,而是要讓數(shù)據(jù)完全通過(guò)sinc濾波器。當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)就緒時(shí),系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)中斷,指示控制環(huán)路可以執(zhí)行。如果進(jìn)行類比的話,SAR ADC的轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間相當(dāng)于脈沖響應(yīng)時(shí)間的一半。脈沖響應(yīng)一半的具體長(zhǎng)度取決于調(diào)制時(shí)鐘和抽取率。對(duì)于fM = 20 MHz且DR = 100的典型配置,脈沖響應(yīng)的一半為τd = 7.4 μs。雖然比快速SAR ADC略長(zhǎng),但數(shù)值差別不大。
IC693MDL732
應(yīng)當(dāng)注意,在典型控制系統(tǒng)中,PWM定時(shí)器的零階保持效應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)脈沖響應(yīng)的一半,因此sinc濾波器不會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響環(huán)路時(shí)序。
采用Σ-Δ ADC,用戶可以自由選擇sinc濾波器延遲或輸出數(shù)據(jù)保真度。抽取率較高時(shí),延遲較長(zhǎng),但信號(hào)質(zhì)量較高;抽取率較低時(shí)則相反。這種靈活性對(duì)于電機(jī)控制算法設(shè)計(jì)十分有利。通常,算法的某些部分對(duì)延遲敏感,而對(duì)反饋精度較不敏感。其它部分適合在較低動(dòng)態(tài)特性和較下工作,但對(duì)延遲較不敏感。舉個(gè)例子,考慮圖7(a)所示的常規(guī)比例積分控制器(PI)。P部分和I部分采用相同的反饋信號(hào)工作,意味著該信號(hào)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性適合兩種控制路徑。不過(guò),P路徑和I路徑可以分離。由此還可以再前進(jìn)一小步,顯示P路徑和I路徑分離,并且采用具有不同動(dòng)態(tài)特性的反饋信號(hào)工作
IC693MDL732
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